HireQuest

a beautiful business!

HireQuest

a beautiful business!

By Manuel Maurício
August 27, 2021

Symbol: HQI (NASDAQ)
Share Price: $18.25
Market Cap: $250M

Introduction

Hirequest is a staffing company. 

It matches people who need to get a job done with the workers willing to do that job.

If you’re familiar with the staffing industry, you’ll know that it has been a pretty lousy place to be for, well, forever.

Here’s the stock chart for Ranstad…

… for Trueblue…

… Kelly Services…

… BGSF…

The only stock that I’ve found in this industry to have been relatively appealing is Manpower…

And yes, in the interim, investors could’ve taken advantage of the volatility and cyclicality of these companies to buy low and sell high. Also, the charts don’t account for dividends… but still… pretty bleak returns.

The question now is why do I think that “this time is different”?

I’m glad you asked.

Read on.

Business

Hirequest is a franchisor of staffing agencies with stores all across the USA.

The great majority of the jobs that HireQuest manages focus around the daily-work daily-pay jobs in construction and light industrial segments.

This business isn’t easy.

Every day, the agents must round up the workers, make sure they’re on time, that they do the job, that they don’t take any unnecessary risks, and so on. 

A large percentage of the day laborers in the USA are undocumented and a lot of them are just hard to deal with, just looking for a quick buck to spend in beer (or worse) after the workday.

Not everyone is fit for being an agent and if the incentives aren’t strong, it’s easy to do a bad job.

 

Industry and barriers to scale

The staffing industry is highly fragmented. 

There are the big companies like the ones we’ve just seen, and then there are literally hundreds of regional mom-and-pop shops.

At first sight, the barriers to entry are quite low. Everyone can set up an office, hire a few sales reps, and venture into the staffing world.

But there are some important barriers to scale preventing new entrants from becoming big names.

The highest barrier to scale is the need for high working capital (cash and receivables – more on this later).

Another important barrier to scale is an affordable workers’ compensation insurance policy

So, in a sense, scale matters in this business.

Business Model

HireQuest’s business model is so unique that it helps the individual agencies overcome all of those barriers. 

The way a big staffing company usually operates is that it will be vertically integrated, meaning that it will “own” the whole value chain, from the CEO to the agents in the stores; everyone is an employee.

Then there’s the “raw material”, the daily or weekly workers. These guys aren’t employees of the company. They are typically paid by the day or week. But the final client will take 30 to 50 days, on average, to pay for the services rendered.

This causes a mismatch between inflows and outflows of cash which is all the more pronounced in the spring and summer months when seasonal staffing requirements are higher (think outdoor events).

So, these staffing companies need to hold significant and stable amounts of working capital, more specifically they’ll need a high level of Accounts Receivable.

A lot of the companies in this space will fund those Accounts Receivable with debt, be it traditional bank debt or factoring (a specific financial instrument that allows you to sell your Accounts Receivable). 

But as I’ve mentioned in the beginning of this write-up, while this funding is available to the big companies, not so much for the smaller ones. At least, not at acceptable rates. 

This keeps a lot of the staffing agencies from growing because, as they grow their revenue, they’ll need to fund the corresponding Accounts Receivable. 

HERE’S AN EXAMPLE

Let’s say that you own one of these agencies and you’re about to sign a new contract worth, say, $100K. 

You’ll be finding the workers and you’ll be paying them at the end of each day or week. But you’ll only be getting the cash from your client 4 weeks from now. You’ll need to raise that cash somehow.

That’s where HireQuest comes in.

By adopting a franchising model, HireQuest brings a very seductive proposition for the store operators.

HireQuest will finance the Accounts Receivable of its franchisees, meaning that it will pay the workers. The franchisees don’t need to bother with that.

It will also provide the software needed, the workers compensation insurance and the initial funding to set up the business.

This way it allows the franchisees to focus on what makes them money: finding customers who need a job done and getting the workers to do the job.

The next thing that comes to mind is “Buying a franchisee can be expensive. It can run up to a few hundred thousand dollars for famous brands.

Not with HireQuest. 

HireQuest will finance the franchisees. Yes, you’ve heard me right. 

Unlike many other franchises, there’s virtually no upfront costs to open a HireQuest agency. I can’t think of any other company where this happens.

But of course, there’s no such thing as a free lunch.

Franchisees will pay back the ramp-up costs over the period of 5 years (which coincides with the typical franchise agreement term) with added interest (6% per year).

It’s not often that I find such a powerful model.

The company aligns the incentives of its workers with its own by turning them into business owners instead of employees. They won’t be just another employee looking at the clock waiting to go home to watch TV.

And once they become franchisees, HireQuest will also incentivize them to open more stores in their territories by giving them credits on the royalty fees they pay in their existing offices. Brilliant!

By doing all of this, HireQuest is cutting a big chunk of the General & Administrative expenses in the business: the regional managers.

You see, in a traditional staffing agency, someone has to keep an eye on all the store employees. That job is typically performed by an army of regional managers. 

These managers are expensive. By having highly motivated individuals inside its agencies, HireQuest doesn’t need to keep an eye on them.

Financial details (for the finance geeks)

BALANCE SHEET

When you look at Hirequest’s balance sheet you feel that there’s something missing – debt.

The company has been able to make acquisitions with some debt, but it has repaid it almost immediately.

What you’ll find is a high Accounts Receivable balance.

 

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

The company owns the Accounts Receivable (AR) on behalf of its franchisees, meaning that it will hold the AR for 42 days, after which it will charge the franchisee interest equal to 0.5% for each 14 day period.

Although the company owns the AR, the risk of bad collection is mitigated by the fact that, after 84 days of outstanding balance (not being paid), the total amount will be charged to the franchisee. I guess that persuades the franchisee to bring in good clients and to go after them when they don’t pay.

I still don’t know how this will work with national accounts, which will be mostly brought in by the headquarters with little influence from the franchisees, but I’ll be asking the company about it.

So, to the finance geeks reading this, the company acts as a factor to the franchisees, giving them low cost financing that they would otherwise not get access to.

This high amount of AR creates an interesting phenomenon. It makes the company somewhat anti-fragile. 

When business slows down (as it did during the pandemic), although there’s little new work coming in, the clients are still paying (with a lag) so HireQuest actually generates more cash than in normal conditions. Of course, this works only for a short period of time.

 

LINE OF CREDIT

It’s worth mentioning that the company closed a new credit facility for $63 million, replacing the prior credit facility of $30 million.

It doesn’t look like this money is needed to fund the current operations. 

I believe that the management will be using it for growth, be it organically or through acquisitions.

* An interesting tidbit is that the Line of Credit bears interest at the base rate plus 1.5%. So, the company is financing at 1.5% just to lend that cash to the franchisees at 6%. Smart move.

ACQUISITIONS

The company has been pursuing growth both organically and through acquisitions. And that’s why it merged with a publicly traded staffing company called Command Center back in 2019.

The CEO understands perfectly well that, by becoming a publicly traded company, he can finance the growth much easier. 

One of the ways to achieve this is by selling its own overvalued stock to buy companies that are undervalued. 

But the CEO has been adamant in saying that there’s a lot of people that pursue growth just for growth sake, and that he’s not looking to do that. 

He will always think about profitability and how the acquisitions will fit into the HireQuest model. This is music to my hears.

You see, he’s looking to find companies that can immediately be transitioned to the franchise model that I’ve just talked about.

That’s what he has done with Command Center, Snelling, and Link (the most recent acquisitions) and that’s what he’ll be doing again and again.

When he buys one of this companies, he will “ask” the store managers, the people who are actually grinding day in and day out, if they want to become franchisees. 

Most of them do. These are typically the best people to do the job as they’ve been doing it for many years with the added benefit that their salary won’t be capped anymore.

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

As it becomes bigger, HigherQuest will benefit from increased recognition and it will finally be able to go after national accounts. 

These national accounts are usually high-volume/low-margin, but they’re worth pursuing because they bring in recurring revenue.

The management knows this, and that’s why they’ve signed a consulting agreement with DockSquare to bring in national clients.

DockSquare is Jeb Bush’s investment vehicle. Jeb Bush is the younger brother of the former US President George W. Bush.

It’s obvious that DockSquare has “connections at many of the largest users of temporary staffing in the country“. 

The way the agreement with DockSquare is structured is that DockSquare will gain a finders-fee in the form of stock for the business it brings to HireQuest. 

The total amount of stock that can be issued to DockSquare under this agreement is equal to 12% of the total shares outstanding. That’s no small deal.

So far, this deal hasn’t borne fruits, and I honestly have no clue as to the relationship between the management and the Bush family, but I’ve heard accounts of philanthropic work done together by the CEO and Jeb Bush. Maybe they’re friends.

I believe that HireQuest just needed a larger footprint to be able to go after these big accounts. With the recent acquisitions, the management is currently pursuing those opportunities.

Let me remind you that we’re talking about a microcap worth $200 and something million dollars. With connections to the Bush family. Nice!

INCOME STATEMENT

Due to the acquisitions and the pandemic, the Income Statement is so noisy that it becomes hard to get a clear picture over time.

I won’t be dwelling too much into the Income Statement today as I’m yet to spend a few hours deconstructing it to get a clear picture of all the different businesses that are bundled together.

For now, suffice is to say that the company get’s around 6% of the system-wide sales as revenue, and its net margin – after backing out all of the noise – should be around 4% (according to the management).

 

Management, Ownership, and Capital Allocation

The company is led by Richard Hermanns (Rick), founder, Chairman, and CEO. Rick founded HireQuest back in 1991 and still owns 41% of the shares outstanding.

As far as I can tell, he’s the kind of operator and capital allocator that I want to be investing in. 

He has taken the company public because he understands the power of a publicly traded roll-up business. Just google “The Joint”, “EVI Industries”, “RCI Hospitality”, followed by “stock price”.

As mentioned above, I’m yet to analyse the full details of the recent acquisitions, but at a first glance, it looks like the company recouped all of the investment in Command Center by selling the stores to the franchisees. I believe that the same happened with Snelling and Link.

Rick also put in place a share repurchase program just after going public. This might sound counter-intuitive, but it goes to show that he will use all the tools at his disposal to create value for the shareholders. 

Haters will say that it was to reach 51% ownership between him and other insiders. 

I highly recommend watching the video below if you’re into outsider type of managers.

Risks

  • There are a lot of related party transactions as insiders own 25% of the franchisees.
  • High dependency on the economy and correlation  to the unemployment rate
  • Strong need for additional Working Capital to grow
  • Large Workers Compensation related losses may arise.
  • Acquisitions always entail risks

Conclusion

If you look at the stock price, you’ll notice that it has tripled since the acquisition of Command Center, a couple of years ago. 

It’s hard not to be anchored to that original price of $6 per share.

In fact, this was a special situation that had very little downside. Add to that the fact that the previous shareholders of Command Center were selling their shares on the cheap because they didn’t understand or just didn’t want to be shareholders of HireQuest. How I wish I had known about it before.

But hey, we’re here now and we have the chance to seize the opportunity (if we believe that there’s an opportunity to be seized).

 

SOME ESTIMATES

On the 4th quarter earnings call, the CEO conservatively guided for $360 million in system-wide sales

At a net margin of around 4%, that would mean earnings-per-share of $1 dollar

When will that happen? I would say somewhere around the next 12 months.

The company just did $143 million in the first half of the year, of which $89 million were in the Q2 alone. 

If we annualize those $89 million, we would be getting close to those $360M. And bear in mind that the third quarter is typically the strongest.

The company just launched DriveQuest, its new vertical for truck drivers to respond to the current shortage of truck drivers (both long haul and last mile) in the USA so I expect this to be a positive contributor to the system-wide sales.

We can also take the acquisitions of Snelling and Link as an example of what could come. The two companies were bought for a total amount of $28 million and brought in $144 million in system-wide sales. This is nothing to sneeze at as it represents 50% growth.

To sum up, the new credit line should allow for Hirequest to expand both organically as well as through acquisitions.

At the current $18.5, the stock is trading at around 19x earningsAlthough that’s more expensive than competitors, I would say that, if the story is successful, the valuation is more than granted. 

Mr. Market attributes very high multiples to successful growing franchises. 

Trust me, I know. I missed The Joint at $15 and look at it now, trading at $98 and 70x earnings.

Yes, HireQuest is a cyclical business so it should be valued more cheaply than steady businesses.

But the runway is very long, the business model is very good, and the CEO seems truly outstanding.

 

THE TURN OFF

Although this business, at this point, seems like one of those beautiful businesses that I’ve been looking to find since I first understood the power of compounding, I’ll need to spend more time around the financials to get comfortable.

You see, both Snelling and Link are turnarounds – companies that were under-performing and that are now being integrated into HireQuest’s model. 

I need to understand them better.

I’ll also need to understand the related-party stuff that’s going on with the franchisees being owned by insiders to see if that presents a real risk.

During this past week, I’ve had a short exchange of emails with John McAnnar, Chief Legal Officer, and he has been very helpful so far.

I hope he agrees to a quick chat.

So, for the coming week, I’ll be working on HireQuest. I’ll also be commenting on Cogstate and ProDex.

Final note: I know that this write-up was a little heavy on the technical side, and you might have little interest in such stuff. 

I’ve always tried to balance depth of content with, entertainment? but sometimes there’s no way to avoid – what some of you might call – the “boring stuff”.

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